Hints:

Temperature: The temperatures aren't set in stone, as most annuals should pop up at any temperatures between 70 and 80 degrees, while some tropicals will prefer the higher end of that range. Perennials and hardy annuals, which tend to like cooler conditions, usually will sprout at any temperatures between 60 and 70 degrees.

Moisture: To keep the seed starting mix moist for your seeds, cover their containers with plastic wrap until the seeds begin to sprout. Use aluminum foil instead for those which prefer darkness for germination.

Chipping or Sanding Seeds: These processes are only ncessary for seeds that have very hard coats, which water won't penetrate. To protect your fingers, hold each seed between the "jaws" of needle-nose pliers on top of a cutting board as you nick it with the tip of a utility knife. To sand the seed instead, rub it against an emery board or sandpaper until you break through the seed coat.

Soaking Seeds: You easily can soak seeds overnight in Styrofoam cups, writing the name of each seed on the side of its cup. If you need to heat the soak-ing water to a certain temperature, use a candy thermometer to measure that temper-ature. Otherwise, use lukewarm (room temperature) water.

Gibberellic Acid: If you need to use gibberellic acid, dissolve a 100 mg packet of the white powder in about 1/2 cup of water overnight. Then add an equal amount of water to the mix to make a 500 ppm solution, which is best for most species, before soaking your seeds in the solution overnight.

Smoke Treatment: For seeds that require smoke treatment, add 1 teaspoon commercial smoke flavoring to every 3 tablespoons of water you are using. For the best results, find a flavoring that contains only smoke and water in its ingredients list.

Cold or Warm Treatment: When seeds need to be kept damp and either warm or cold for a certain number of months, fold a paper towel into a card shape. After writing the name of the seeds and the date on front of the "card" with an indelible marker, soak the paper towel in water, squeeze out the excess water, and place the seeds inside the card.

You can keep several such cards inside a folded-over sandwich bag to help preserve their moisture.

Keep in mind that, when a seed begins to sprout inside the towels, the first thing to emerge usually is a radicle (main root). So, if you pot up the seed at that point, be sure that you position it with the root underground and lower than the seed from which it is protruding.

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Plants Beginning with O

Ochna: The seeds must be fresh to germinate well. Remove the seed coats and immediately sow the seeds 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) deep in damp and sterile seed starting mix. Keep their container at about 72 to 77 degrees (22 to 25 degrees Celsius) until the seeds sprout in 10 days to a month.

Oenothera (evening primrose): Sow the seeds in damp and sterile seed-starting mix, barely covering the seeds with that mix.  Keep their container at about 68 degrees (20 degrees Celsius) until the seeds sprout, usually 6 or 7 days.

Okra: Sow the seeds indoors 6 weeks before your last frost date. Heat water to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius), drop your seeds into that water, and allow them to soak overnight as the water cools.  Then sow them 1/16-inch (1.6 mm) deep in damp and sterile seed-starting mix. Keep the container at 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) until the seeds sprout, often in 2 days for those which have received this hot water soak.

Olsynium: In autumn or early winter press fresh seeds (those harvested the same year as their sowing) into the surface of damp and sterile seed-sowing mix, but don't cover them with that mix. Place their container in an outdoor location, such as a coldframe, over winter. They should sprout when the weather warms in spring.

Ophiopogon (mondo grass): Place the seeds in a damp paper towel inside a baggie in your refrigeration until they begin to sprout in about 60 days or so. You then can pot them up in damp and sterile seed starting mix.

Opuntia: Place the seeds inside a damp paper towel in a baggie in your refrigerator for 3 months, before moving their towel and baggie to a location with a 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) temperature. Once the seeds begin to sprout, pot them up in damp and sterilized cactus and citrus potting mix.

Osteospermum: Sow the seeds in damp and sterile seed-starting mix, barely covering the seeds with that mix. Keep their container at about 70 degrees (21 degrees Celsius) until the seeds sprout in 10 to 21 days.